Do you know what sensory modalities are?
Every person experiences the world through their senses – touch, sight, sound, taste, smell, and movement – these are the modalities I asked before. But there are some children and adults who face brain struggles to organize and respond to this information. This is called Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD).
This is not officially listed in the DSM-5, but research from organizations like STAR Institute shows that sensory processing difficulties are very real and affect daily life. Here, in this blog, we will explore together about what SPD is, its common signs, types, causes and practical solutions.
What is Sensory Processing Disorder?
Here’s what this problem is. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) happens when the brain has trouble in receiving, interpreting, or responding to sensory input. The nervous system may overreact or crave extra input, rather than filtering and organizing sensations smoothly.
How the Brain Processes Sensory Information?
- The brainstem and sensory pathways filter incoming signals.
- In SPD, this “filter” may not work efficiently.
- This can cause sensory overload, discomfort, or unusual behaviors.
Got an idea what happens to the ones who have this disorder?
Difference Between Sensory Sensitivity and Sensory Processing Disorder
| Sensory Sensitivity | Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) |
| Occasional discomfort with loud sounds, bright light, or itchy clothes | Daily challenges interfering with school, work, relationships |
| Can adapt or cope after a while | Needs structured support and strategies |
| Common in everyone at times | Considered a neurodevelopmental condition |
Common Signs of Sensory Processing Disorder
Everyone experiences sensory quirks, but severe symptoms may indicate SPD. Here are some common signs and challenges people with this disorder may experience:
Signs in Children
Covers ears or hides during loud noises.
Refuses certain textures of clothes or foods.
Constantly moving, jumping, or crashing into things.
Difficulty focusing in classrooms due to sensory overload.
Signs in Adults
Stressed in crowded places.
Sensitivity to fabrics, perfumes, or background noise.
Trouble regulating emotions during sensory stress.
Preference for controlled, quiet, sensory-friendly environments.
Everyday Challenges People Face
Trouble eating varied foods (picky eating).
Difficulty in inclusive classrooms without adjustments.
Struggles with public transport, busy offices, or bright malls.
Types of Sensory Processing Difficulties
SPD is not one-size-fits-all. It includes three broad categories:
Sensory Over-Responsiveness (Too Much Sensitivity)
Small sounds feel unbearable.
Bright light causes headaches.
Clothes tags or seams cause irritation.
Sensory Under-Responsiveness (Low Sensitivity)
Doesn’t notice when name is called.
Appears “daydreamy” or disconnected.
Needs strong input to feel sensations.
Sensory Seeking Behaviors (Craving Input)
Prefers spinning, jumping, or rough play.
Constantly touching objects or people.
Prefers strong tastes, textures, or bright lights.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause of sensory processing difficulties is not fully understood, research points to multiple factors. Here are some:
Role of Genetics and Brain Development
Studies suggest hereditary influence on sensory sensitivity.
Irregularities in white matter connections in the brain may contribute (source: NIH, 2020).
Links with Autism, ADHD, and Anxiety
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Up to 90% of autistic individuals report sensory challenges.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Linked with sensory seeking and emotional regulation difficulties.
Anxiety can heighten sensory overload.
Environmental Influences
Premature birth or early trauma may increase risk.
High-stress environments can worsen nervous system responses.
How to Support Someone with SPD?
If you are a parent, guardian, companion, your practical support makes a big difference in their daily life.
At Home
Create safe spaces with dim lighting and quiet corners.
Use weighted blankets and calming strategies for better sleep.
Stick to predictable routines.
At School or Workplace
Encourage inclusive classrooms with flexible seating.
Allow noise-cancelling headphones or sensory breaks.
Reduce clutter and harsh lighting.
Professional Therapies
Occupational Therapy: Builds coping skills through structured therapy exercises.
Sensory Integration Therapy: Helps train the brain to process input better.
Early intervention improves long-term outcomes.
Solutions and Practical Tips
SPD can be managed with everyday strategies and tools.
Everyday Strategies for Comfort
Deep breathing and mindfulness for emotional regulation.
Gentle movement breaks to reset nervous system response.
Visual schedules to reduce uncertainty.
Tools and Products that Can Help
| Tool | Benefit |
| Weighted blanket | Calming pressure for sleep and relaxation |
| Fidget tools | Focus aid in class or office |
| Noise-cancelling headphones | Reduce sensory overload in public places |
When to Seek Professional Help
If daily life, learning, or relationships are affected.
If a child shows distress during routine tasks.
If symptoms overlap with autism or ADHD – consult a developmental pediatrician.
Living Well with Sensory Processing Disorder
SPD is not a life sentence. Many individuals thrive with the right support.
Building Emotional Resilience
Encourage self-advocacy: teaching children to say what helps.
Journaling or therapy for stress management.
Community and Family Support
Parent support groups in India and globally (e.g., Autism Society of India).
Sharing experiences reduces isolation.
Long-Term Outlook and Positive Stories
With early intervention, many children improve regulation.
Adults can find balance through sensory-friendly environments and supportive workplaces.
Final Thoughts
Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) affects both children and adults, but it doesn’t define them. With understanding, practical tools, and therapies like Occupational Therapy and Sensory Integration Therapy, people with sensory processing difficulties can live fulfilling lives.
Remember:
Every person’s sensory profile is unique.
Support, patience, and inclusion matter.
Families are not alone – there is help, hope, and community.
